Series of nine papers taken from a research Ph.D. They are focused on data about the maintained Youth Service in Wales, collected and analysed from 2002 to 2007 when the Youth Service was first being directed by the Welsh Government policy ‘Extending Entitlement’.  These are being published in 2017 as there are issues which need to be considered due to the reinvigorated political interest in Extending Entitlement. These papers are intended to be a reminder that the translation of Extending Entitlement policy into practice was not a positive experience for the Youth Service in Wales and that there are inherent dangers that a refreshed Extending Entitlement will have just as many negative connotations unless we learn from, and respond to, the lessons from the past. The papers are: 

Extending Entitlement Revisited:

• Paper 1: Setting the scene
• Paper 2: How was the evidence found and analysed?
• Paper 3: The needs of young people and the Maintained Youth Service response
• Paper 4: What did politicians want from the Maintained Youth Service?
• Paper 5: How Knowledgeable were those working in the Maintained Youth Service of its discrete identity during the time of the Extending Entitlement launch?
• Paper 6: Did the Maintained Youth Service have the tools to meet the priorities of Extending Entitlement?
• Paper 7: What was happening in the Maintained Youth Service at the time of Extending Entitlement?
• Paper 8:  What did the Maintained Youth Service do after Extending Entitlement and how was this measured?
• Paper 9:  Findings and recommendations

Paper 3:

The Needs of Young People and the Maintained Youth Service Response

Speaking notes from John Rose who gave the keynote speech at the 2016 CWVYS AGM.

Series of nine papers taken from a research Ph.D. They are focused on data about the maintained Youth Service in Wales, collected and analysed from 2002 to 2007 when the Youth Service was first being directed by the Welsh Government policy ‘Extending Entitlement’.  These are being published in 2017 as there are issues which need to be considered due to the reinvigorated political interest in Extending Entitlement. These papers are intended to be a reminder that the translation of Extending Entitlement policy into practice was not a positive experience for the Youth Service in Wales and that there are inherent dangers that a refreshed Extending Entitlement will have just as many negative connotations unless we learn from, and respond to, the lessons from the past. The papers are: 

Extending Entitlement Revisited:

• Paper 1: Setting the scene
• Paper 2: How was the evidence found and analysed?
• Paper 3: The needs of young people and the Maintained Youth Service response
• Paper 4: What did politicians want from the Maintained Youth Service?
• Paper 5: How Knowledgeable were those working in the Maintained Youth Service of its discrete identity during the time of the Extending Entitlement launch?
• Paper 6: Did the Maintained Youth Service have the tools to meet the priorities of Extending Entitlement?
• Paper 7: What was happening in the Maintained Youth Service at the time of Extending Entitlement?
• Paper 8:  What did the Maintained Youth Service do after Extending Entitlement and how was this measured?
• Paper 9:  Findings and recommendations

Paper 2:

It is the intention of this paper to identify the data collection and analysis techniques that were used to provide a reliable and valid answer to the research question.

A discussion paper on behalf of the Wales Principal Youth Officers’ Group (PYOG).

Series of nine papers taken from a research Ph.D. They are focused on data about the maintained Youth Service in Wales, collected and analysed from 2002 to 2007 when the Youth Service was first being directed by the Welsh Government policy ‘Extending Entitlement’.  These are being published in 2017 as there are issues which need to be considered due to the reinvigorated political interest in Extending Entitlement. These papers are intended to be a reminder that the translation of Extending Entitlement policy into practice was not a positive experience for the Youth Service in Wales and that there are inherent dangers that a refreshed Extending Entitlement will have just as many negative connotations unless we learn from, and respond to, the lessons from the past. The papers are: 

Extending Entitlement Revisited:

• Paper 1: Setting the scene
• Paper 2: How was the evidence found and analysed?
• Paper 3: The needs of young people and the Maintained Youth Service response
• Paper 4: What did politicians want from the Maintained Youth Service?
• Paper 5: How Knowledgeable were those working in the Maintained Youth Service of its discrete identity during the time of the Extending Entitlement launch?
• Paper 6: Did the Maintained Youth Service have the tools to meet the priorities of Extending Entitlement?
• Paper 7: What was happening in the Maintained Youth Service at the time of Extending Entitlement?
• Paper 8:  What did the Maintained Youth Service do after Extending Entitlement and how was this measured?
• Paper 9:  Findings and recommendations

Paper 1 

The study was carried out at a time when the maintained Youth Service in Wales had become drawn into a political agenda created by the election of New Labour in 1997 and the subsequent setting up of the National Assembly for Wales in 1999. As a consequence of the particular circumstances caused by these two events there was an imperative for the maintained Youth Service to make a rapid transition from its historically marginalised position to one more central within the new young-people agenda. This investigation was concerned to determine if the maintained Youth Service was prepared and able to attain a new and strengthened position that made it secure in the long-term by adopting a strategic approach that promoted its 'young people first' approach and maximised the opportunities presented to it by increased political attention and potential new resources. 

The focus of the investigation, which relied on data collected and analysed between early 2002 and 2007, was to establish if the maintained Youth Service in Wales was concurrently able to meet the needs of young people and the requirements of relevant Government Policy while maintaining its discrete identity as described within its purposes[1] and values[2] statements.

[1] To provide equality of opportunity for all young people in order that they may fulfil their potential as empowered individuals and as members of groups and communities - To support young people in the transition to adulthood - To assist young people to develop attitudes and skills which enable them to make purposeful use of their personal resources and time

[2] Which recognize: social education as the core process in youth and community work; the ability and inability of people to resolve problems and change themselves; the tension and distinction between empowering and controlling people; the rights to self determination; the importance of collective action and collaborative working relationships; and the value of co-operation and conflict

 

A data collection and analysis process was included as a target in the Operational Plan of the Wales Youth Agency on the understanding that it would only be funded by WAG if the Principal Youth Officers group supported this process and fully participated. The PYO group acknowledged the importance of youth service data on an all-Wales basis resulting in a 100% return rate. 

This document summarises the key findings from the information supplied by the local authorities under the following headings:

1. Youth Service details – location within LA / job titles / salary scales

2. Finance – income and spending 

3. Youth population – spending per head

4. Staffing levels

5. Types of youth provision

6. Staff development and training

7. Summary / conclusion

Wales Youth Agency 2002

This article is based on the premise that youth work practice is contained within a Community of Practice (Lave and Wenger. 1998) underpinned by and through experiential learning mirroring a quasi-Steiner approach to learning. The amalgamation of these three tenets make youth work, as practiced mainly by qualified workers, an interesting template that tips the balance of learning in favour of young people rather than based on a more formalized curriculum. The blending of both informal, non-formal and formal approaches within a youth work context is, we will argue, a more holistic approach to the development of learning which is based on the needs of young people.

In a previous article (Gallagher and Morgan. 2013) it was argued that while youth work should be independent of the school system it could offer a valuable contribution that will complement the learning process. This article takes the debate further by suggesting a model that could be emulated in other youth work projects and that might form the basis of collaboration between the formal and informal sectors.

 

This article is a positional paper on the need to reinvent or at least reinvigorate the use of group work in a youth work context. While youth work practitioners work with many diverse groups the imposition of an imposed policy curriculum continues to shape the nature of the group process towards, we contend, a more prescribed set of outcomes.

What we are suggesting in this paper is that if we know the expected outcomes that many young people need to achieve in life in order to make them more resilient and self-aware of their lives, do we need to emulate the formal didactic approach to learning, i.e. as in school? If we have a vehicle in which and from which these outcomes can be achieved do we really need a curriculum? Or more appropriately can the curriculum emanate from the lived lives of the young people themselves?

This paper presents a practical approach to the measurement of outcomes in youth work.  What we are proposing is that the ‘core’ of youth development can be addressed and achieved within an ‘experiential growth group’ and that the process is indeed the product. In other words we are proposing a move away from highlighting the end product of outcomes or ‘expected ‘ outcomes to refocusing on the vehicle in which and from which certain less tangible and nebulous outcomes can be nurtured and recorded.

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The central tenet of this article is predicated upon a belief that there is a need to link both the formal with the informal/non -formal sectors without at any point compromising the strengths of either. The analysis within this article deconstructs the ideology and philosophy behind the perceived dominance of the formal sector over the informal youth work sector. It suggests that both worlds need not collide but that they can and should work more closely together in the interest of their common denominator, the development of young peoples’ potential. 

We also contend that youth work practice is qualitatively different from teaching and schooling and that the process used in youth work identifies that difference. We also contend that the inchoate nature of the youth work profession is militating against addressing some of these complex issues that are challenging the essential essence of youth work practice.